Essay on business society and policy - 1650 Words

Business, society and government are placed in different situations depending on what the conflict may be. According to the case â€Å"Dickinson’s needle sticks†, all three different sectors were placed in a different position where society was seen to have no voice or empowerment. The society in this case were the nurses, patients and any health care workers using Dickinson’s needles. These sectors solved their conflicts through interacting with each other and finalise a resolution through many negative and positive outcomes which could be ethical and unethical. But then again, each sector strive for the position of power. The major issue in the case â€Å"Becton Dickinson and needle sticks’ is the brand of syringes hospitals are using. These†¦show more content†¦According to Adam Smith, classical liberalism emphasised the value given to individual freedom and promoted individual initiative and self-interest, providing the greatest utility to society (University of Western Sydney 2014, p.11). Linking to the case with the classical liberalism theory, in 1992, a nurse, Maryann Rockwood was infected with AIDS due to the process of drawing blood using Dickinson’s needle. Maryann Rockwood had then sued Becton Dickinson for the ignorance of providing and manufacturing the safety syringe in different sizes, which had contributed to her injury. Therefore with the classical liberalism ideology, this had allow individuals to have a voice in issues that are connected to business and government. By having Maryann Rockwood propose to this conflict, Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on (OSHA) had required hospitals and clinics free hepatitis B vaccines and provide safety needle disposal boxes, protective clothing, gloves and mask. The government had intervened and ethically solve this on behalf of the society. Therefore based on a societies point of view, their sociological imagination in relation to spreading preventable diseases allows the society to consider the complication is at ease and is avoided. Businesses volunteer and associate themselves with charity and fundraising; this is known to be an ethical responsibility. Government is suppose to protect the society in which health would beShow MoreRelatedThe Privileged Position of Business Essay547 Words   |  3 PagesPrivileged Position of Business Hudson first states what he believes to be the central assumption of the Pluralist description of American politics that there is no one dominant group in American Society. He argues that there is a dominant group, business. I agree that the pluralist ideology is wrong and that business is very dominant in our political society. He continues by stating that there are two faces of the political privilege of business. The first involves business actively manipulatingRead MoreThe American Public Policy Process966 Words   |  4 PagesThe American public policy process is a system that consists of laws, regulatory measures, action items, and funding priorities controlled by the elected representatives. The public policy process system that is in place within the federal government was developed within the framework of the United States Constitution and those with special interests. Within the current system of policy process utilized by the federal government America’s affluent community holds the greatest interests. Over theRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesresponsibility is the policies and programs of business corporations which tend to benefit society while improving a corporation’s public image and profitability at the same time. The meaning of it is implemented in different countries and companies differently. Warren Buffet said that it takes 20 years to build a reputation and only 5 minutes to ruin it which means he mentioned the activity of the corporations here. 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The assignment required students to explore a public policy issue to determine how the policy is perceived by the various cultures in the United States. One such policy that concerns many is the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. In light of the political climate in today’s society the act requiresRead MoreEssay on Macroeconomic: Economics and Gas Oil1212 Words   |  5 Pages2014 Introduction The idea Edgar has for opening up four new gas stations is based on a well based argument making it viable as a profitable business venture. The evaluation on the American consumer to accept the high price for gas oil prices forms the first approach towards establishing a business. Gasoil businesses in the world run as cartel where it supply and prices are determined by the few stakeholders in the industry. The stakeholders form an agreement among theirRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility1598 Words   |  7 PagesReliance, Videocon etc. Although they all stand for similar meanings connecting to taking responsibilities of the society as a business individual, its definition has been getting broader from a established point of view, corporate social responsibility is a type of business instruction included in a business demonstration. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatory system whereby a business monitors and ensures its active consistency with the strength of the law, ethical standards and global norms. CSRRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1696 Words   |  7 Pagessupport solutions to business consumers for over 30 years within 4 dif-ferent market segments, recruiting over 30,000 employees in 40 different counties. The aim includes supporting better decision making, results and productivity with the businesses of their clients. REXL holds the vision for the long-term success of the company as: â€Å"Our vision is to be a world-leading provider of information solutions that improve outcomes for our professional customers and benefit society.† Their vision suggestsRead MoreCsr : An Agenda For Inclusive And Sustained Growth Indicator Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagespersistent ecological issues, role of CSR has been redefined and aims to broaden the societal context within which it operates. CSR acts as a commitment for attaining inclusivity and community development in order to reflect a positive impact on the society. In an increasingly fast-paced global economy, CSR acts as enabler and driving force in order to attain sustained growth where markets, communities and the organizations can perform well together so to gain better access in making decisions and maximizeRead MoreSustainable Development and Businesses Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironmental, social, and economical issues have arisen in society and businesses. Only recently has the issues established extensive attention within society, sustainable development is acknowledged by the majority to mean ‘development that meets the needs of the present with out compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ (Commission 1987). This essay will look into the practices of ANZ as a sustainable business and examine their ecological, economic and social environments

Article IIi Of The U.s. Constitution - 962 Words

Article III of the U.S. Constitution grants the U.S. Supreme Court its judicial powers. Back in the day, the court used to take all cases with its primary function being to correct legal errors from lower courts; however, because of the ever increasing case loads, congress granted the Supreme Court the power to decide which cases to take. To begin with, the Supreme Court will only take cases involving substantial questions of federal law and intercircuit conflicts among federal appellate courts. All cases that show up are inspected/screened by the clerk of the court to check for procedural correctness. About one-fourth of the docket is eliminated by the clerks and is never seen by the justices. Cases usually come as either a writ for certification or as a petition for certiorari. The former is for when a lower court needs to clarify an issue, and the latter is for when a case in a lower court is being petitioned to get reviewed by the Supreme Court. In order for a case to go through, at least four of the nine judges must agree to see it. Otherwise, the case can be simply denied. Today less than one percent (around 80 cases) of the courts docket is given consideration per year. Once a case is granted, the justices hear oral arguments from the petitioner and the respondent. Following the oral arguments, the justices meet to consider each case. If they like the case than they put it in the discuss list, and if not, the case is placed in a dead list (Banks and O Brien 162). AnShow MoreRelatedU.s. Constitution And The Declaration Of Independence Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are two very important documents in the founding of our nation. This essay compares how these two documents are linked together, but also how they are clearly different. Though both documents were created near the same time, the Declaration of Independence was actually written first. It was written by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by congress on July 4, 1776, what we know today as Independence Day. The U.S constitution though, was not adoptedRead MoreThe Resolved Issue Of The Constitution Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Constitution. Over the duration of conducting research the overlay of the essay will be describing the major benefit of the U.S Constitution. While several issues have been unresolved by the U.S Constitution such as the issues of the Articles of Confederation. The entire focus of the essay will describe the resolved issue that have been corrected in the constitution, while also describing some of the historical events that were caused the U.S constitution to change. The U.S constitution helpedRead More The U.S. Constitution: Checks Balances Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesThe U.S. Constitution is the foundation of American governance. Since its creation in 1878, the Constitution remains as the foundation of governance for the Republic and stands as the oldest living Constitution in the world. To prevent a tyranny of the majority will – or of one part of governance – it became necessary to ensure the several branches of government remained separate. To ensure that one of these br anches did not trump the other branches, the Founders crafted – within the ConstitutionRead MoreRationale , Pros and Cons of the Dual Law Enforcement System888 Words   |  4 PagesCourts). â€Å"The U. S. Constitution created a governmental structure for the United States known as Federalism. The Constitution gives certain powers to the federal government and reserves the res for the states.. The Constitution states that the governments is supreme with regard to those powers expressly or implicitly delegated to it, the states remain supreme in matters reserved for them†. (United States Courts). â€Å"The Federal Court System refers to two types of courts, an Article III court, thes courtsRead MoreConstitutional Research Paper1011 Words   |  5 PagesGraham History 8 2B 18 December 2017 Quarter Two Constitutional Convention Project State Background The Delaware Colony was founded by Peter Minuit. However, it became the first U.S state that was established in December 7, 1787. Delaware was the first colony to be approved as a state by the Federal Constitution. Based on the census conducted in 1790, Delawares population consisted of 50,209 free people and 8,887 slaves. In proportion to other states, Delaware had a relatively low amountRead MoreThe United States Federal Courts1306 Words   |  6 Pagesand began constructing the rules of governance, which would create this nation. The Constitution of the United States was the document, which was created, and it specifically addressed the forming of a federal judiciary in Article III. What our founding fathers could not agree on, was the scope of jurisdiction, which this new federal judiciary would operate under, and thus Article III of the United States Constitution is very brief (Neubauer Fradella, 2008). At the constitutional Convention, the Anti-FederalistRead MoreGovernment Power and Authorities1111 Words   |  5 PagesPowers, Identify the Major Sources of State and Federal authorities explicit to the Constitution, and explain why the division of powers architecture was important to the Framers. Federalism is the division of Governmental powers and authorities between the State and Federal Governments. Separation of Powers is not actually labeled or defined within the constitution. However, the Framers of the constitution found â€Å"to avoid tyranny, a separation or division of authority must exist† (FeldmeierRead MoreConstitutional, Statutory, Administrative and Common Law Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesUnited States Constitution. The constitution is ultimately a series of power compromises and is the foundation of common law. Merriam-Webster defines common law as the area of law that has to do with the subject matter and with the interpretation and construction of constitutions or that deals with the nature and organization of government (Constitutional Law). Cases involving constitutional law are heard by the United States Supreme Court where judgment is based on the U.S. Constitution. Of the variousRead MoreThe United States Constitution And The American Decla ration Of Independence1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States Constitution and the American Declaration of Independence The Constitution of the United States of America is always touted and considered by many across the globe as one of the most liberal and people-friendly Constitutions in the world over. This assertion flows from the lofty language with which the document was written by its drafters and further inherent in the subsequent amendments. It represents the supreme law of the U.S, having been promulgated back in 1778. On the otherRead MoreBehind The United States Constitution1040 Words   |  5 PagesBehind the United States Constitution Introduction The creation of the Constitution is an important and major piece of American history. Before the Constitution, the Articles of Confederation were devised to ensure the natural rights of Americans were protected. Several issues surrounded the original Articles of Confederation. The question of how to strengthen the articles seemed to be quite a struggle, until the creation of the Constitution. Not only did the Constitution create stronger guidelines

Self Exploration Free Essays

Many of us go through life skimming the surface of our identities. That is, we don’t truly dig deeply into our thoughts, feelings, desires and dreams. Part of the problem is that we’re always on the go. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Exploration or any similar topic only for you Order Now When to-do lists keep swelling, self-exploration takes a backseat. How can it not, when we barely find time for self-care? Specifically, self-exploration involves â€Å"taking a look at your own thoughts, feelings, behaviors and motivations and asking why. It’s looking for the roots of who we are — answers to all the questions we have about [ourselves],† according to Ryan Howes, Ph. D, psychologist, writer and professor in Pasadena, California. Having a deeper understanding of ourselves has many benefits. It â€Å"helps people understand and accept who they are and why they do what they do, which improves self-esteem, communication and relationships,† he said. ————————————————- Here, Howes discusses how he helps clients explore their own identities, the potential challenges that can hamper self-exploration and the strategies readers can try at home. The process of exploring yourself is a meticulous one and takes determination and focus to accomplish. It means becoming aware of what’s important to you and understanding yourself, i. e. your values, interests, aptitudes, abilities, strengths and weaknesses. It is also a way to gain knowledge of what is a good fit or match for your personality type. Before you can explore the world of work or a career, you must first understand yourself. Start by asking yourself questions: â€Å"What do I want to do? † â€Å" What are my goals, dreams and ambitions? † Self-exploration is looking inside yourself and concentrating and focusing on you, your needs, and your future†¦not mom’s, dad’s, or your friends. This is not to say that what others have to say isn’t important. On the contrary, hear them out, but ultimately this important decision is yours. After all, you know you better than anyone else, even mom. This process of self-exploration may seem a little lame, but this is the foundation that makes good decisions great! Knowing your strengths and weaknesses can make all the difference! If you take the time to know yourself, or at least evaluate yourself, you will have a truer sense of what’s good for you, or should I say, better for you. Many people never take into consideration whether the career/job they’ve chosen is something that they are going to enjoy doing, whether it’s going to meet their needs professionally and/or personally. Many are just glad to have a job that pays decent wages. Yes, finances are important, but ultimately it’s more important to be happy. If you are not satisfied in your job it will eventually affect your work, your level of commitment to the job, those you work for and even your personal life. If you enjoy what you are doing, believe in it and you know why you chose to do it, you will tend to be more committed to it, better at it, and you’ll work harder to do it well. This commitment, this strong work ethic is what aims us towards achieving greatness. If we are happy, we look towards the future with determination, ambition, and goals. If we are just getting by in our job, could care less about whether we get the job done or even whether we come to work at all, we tend to wallow in our misery. We do more looking back at what could have been or should have been, and can only see the future as more of the same dissatisfaction. Success requires taking an active role in the growth and development of our personal and professional life. One way to get started figuring out who you are and what you want in life is to begin by evaluating your academic exposure. Look at the courses you’ve taken: both the ones’ you liked and disliked. Of the classes you liked, what did you enjoy most about the subject? What made you dislike some of the courses? Why didn’t that class appeal to you? Does the class provide you with something that you can develop into a career? Next, consider what’s really important to you; things you value, interests you may have, skills and abilities you possess. Take some time and think about what you might need in order to be happy and ultimately successful in your job/career. For example, a few things to consider might be salary, geographic location, job autonomy, work hours, and professional growth opportunities, to name a few. Which ones of these, and/or others, are most significant; things that would make an obvious difference in whether we would enjoy our job/career? If you don’t take the time to consider who you are and what you want, you won’t know what you are looking for. You need to be aware that no job/career is going to be perfect and meet all of your expectations. But if you at least think about which things are more vital to your happiness and aim for those, you can come pretty close to what you want. Think about the skills and abilities you may have that you would like to utilize in your chosen profession (i. e. leadership, helping others, mathematical ability, creativity, communication, etc. Which careers give you more of an opportunity to express yourself and be yourself? Many people make the mistake of assuming that they can and will do just about anything for the right amount of money. Well let me assure you that this is only partially true. In the beginning, the money may seem like enough to sustain your job satisfaction and happiness, but soon everyone realizes that money alone is only a temporary fix. If you donâ₠¬â„¢t really like what you are doing, or like where you work, you won’t be happy and the money won’t ever be enough. Another way to assess your interests might be to consider careers that you may have already been exposed to through friends, family members or previous part-time and summer jobs, and even volunteer opportunities or internships. Talk to any persons you can find who may be doing something you think that you want to do, or have thought about doing. Really pick their brains about why they chose that profession, what do they like or dislike about their jobs, what’s a typical day like on the job for them? This is called informational interviewing. Also, draw from your own experiences about what it may be like to work full-time. What kind of supervisor would you prefer; do you prefer flexible or set work hours; do you like being in a leadership role, etc.? The best way to answer some of these questions is through an internship or co-op. If you have not considered an internship or co-op before, please do. Cooperative education and internships add meaning to the academic experience. Both offer the student the opportunity to gain practical experience. At the same time students can identify career interests and goals and relate them to academic endeavors. Most people believe that you don’t need to be concerned about figuring out who you are and what you want to do until you’re just about ready to graduate. Yes, this is one way to do it, but why wait until the last minute. You may realize that what you thought you wanted to do really doesn’t appeal to you at all. Self-exploration should be done early and often, as early as your junior year in high school, and at least once a year thereafter. The sooner you start to think about your future, the better prepared you’ll be for it. If you didn’t go this route, it’s still not too late to catch up. Find a career counselor on your campus and get started. There is often a certain amount of fear that goes along with making decisions about one’s future. D. J. Parson, an Appalachian State University sophomore, stated, â€Å"When I first arrived, I didn’t have any idea how to get started choosing a major, not to mention what I was going to do with that major when I finished school. After I met with a career counselor and discovered a few things about myself, for example, what motivates me, things started to click and I was able to move forward. D. J. is not alone in his dilemma. As a career counselor, I encounter numerous students who are confused about how to go about making effective career decisions. Many are paralyzed by the mere thought they have to make decisions themselves for the first time. Their parents or someone else has always performed this role and now it’s their turn. Students are generally all over the map when it comes to decision-making. Some students want to do it all, while others aren’t sure they want to do anything. They haven’t found their passion. I once had a student tell me, â€Å" If I can’t figure out exactly what to do, I’ll just stay in school longer; there is always graduate school. † One thing to realize is that figuring out who you are and what you want takes time and a lot of effort on your part. Through examining what you’ve enjoyed doing, what things come easily or naturally to you, what gives you motivation, what peaks your interests etc. , you will begin to put the puzzle pieces together. Bit by bit you will see a pattern developing. Next, realize that you can do just about anything you want and you can do more than one thing; you just can’t do it all at once. If you like lots of things and can’t seem to eliminate any of them, then your task is to select which thing you would like to do first and move on to the next at a later time until you have accomplished all that you want. The most important thing to remember is that nothing is 100 percent guaranteed. Life is about change and career planning and self-exploration are lifelong processes. You don’t just make a decision today and expect that you’ll be completely satisfied with that choice for the rest of your life. You will grow, experience things and meet different people. As society grows and technology develops, so will your interests change, grow and redevelop. Expect it; that’s life! However, this doesn’t mean that the choices you make today are worthless. They too will play an important role in your future. You will be able to draw on these experiences to help you assess yourself later when you want to consider new options, goals, and dreams. Sometimes, the task of putting all the pieces together can be a bit overwhelming and you may need to seek assistance from more experienced and knowledgeable resources. Three sources I recommend are your career counselor, your academic advisor and the Internet. Your career counselor is the most experienced of the three sources. A career counselor will be able to offer you not only his/her expertise through one-on-one counseling and advising, but also many more tools to uncover your true self. Counselors can provide career-specific library resources such as books and videos about certain college majors, careers within those majors, and companies that seek to hire graduates of those majors. In addition, career counselors provide career interest testing such as the Strong Interest Inventory, the Campbell Interest and Skills Survey, the Myers Briggs Type Indicator, the Self Directed Search, and the Kuder Occupational Orientation. There are also computerized career guidance programs such as SIGIPLUS, DISCOVER, and Career Key. All of these indicators help gauge your personality and interests, and compare them with others who are already in the field. A career counselor will then sit down with you and interpret the test results. Looking at the similarities of interests in different fields and types of careers, your career counselor will be able to show you many different options beyond the obvious ones you may have never considered, or even thought existed. Your academic advisor is another important source to consult about college majors and courses, as well as jobs related to the field. An academic advisor can help guide you through your four years of undergraduate study and help you stay focused on the courses needed to fulfill the requirements of your selected major. Lastly, another wonderful resource is the Internet. It can be a bit overwhelming with the amount of information readily available at your fingertips. You can query an occupation on the Internet and end up with hundreds of pages of information to help you better understand that occupation and many others. You can research job openings, internships, co-ops, and even scholarships, grants and loans for college financial assistance, etc. Here are some helpful tips to remember: * Remember to begin your exploration by taking a good look at you. Accept the challenge to understand yourself and to like who you’ve become, or the person you aspire to be. * ————————————————- Ask yourself questions and take the time to find the real answers. Self discovery was a process I thought I had already been through. But when faced with the question, â€Å"Who am I? † it proved to be a lot harder to put into words than one would think. I believe that I have a good sense of who I am, but translating it into words was a struggle for me. I consider myself to be a very concrete thinker. So, the translation of who I am into words tended to come out as cold and rigid. Words like brash, concrete, smart, and loyal seemed like a big â€Å"thud† on paper. At first I thought, am I really that boring and cold? Which then brings to question, is this really who I am? The following is my best attempt to put myself into words. I’m going to attempt to lighten up those rigid words I came up with to describe me and try to explain why I chose these words. Hopefully these explanations will bring life to them. The first word is brash and is defined as â€Å"offensively bold. †    You can either like me or not. I am strong-willed individual who does not take disrespect from anyone. I can defend myself in most situations. I can most often times convince others that I am right. I know how to think critically and make sound decisions when others fail to. I believe the second and third words go together in explanation for me. The second word is concrete and when used as an adjective, is defined as, â€Å"capable of being perceived by the senses; not abstract or imaginary.    The third word is smart and, also, when used as an adjective, is defined as, â€Å"characterized by quickness and ease in learning. †    I have the ability to sort through the â€Å"fluff† and get to the facts so I can make a good decision or form a strong opinion. I can make others question their own opinions or beliefs by flooding them with facts and evidence. In this way I am very persuasive a nd convincing. The final word is loyal. It is used to describe people of â€Å"unwavering in devotion to friend or vow or cause. † When it comes to those I love, I†¦ How to cite Self Exploration, Papers

A House Style for the Formal Presentation of the Extended free essay sample

Two further sources that were invaluable in researching this essay but that are not explicitly referred to in the body of the essay are the Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University and the Writers Handbook at the University of Wisconsin Madison the latter recommended by the International Baccalaureate Organization . I am also indebted to Mr.. N. Never of the Information Communication Technology Department at Oakum School for assistance with setting up the Oakum PAP template. Contents A House Style for the Formal Presentation of the Extended Essay The Diploma Programmer: Extended Essay Guide hereafter referred to as the Guide, states clearly that the research process and its formal outcomes are of primary importance in the extended essay.Fundamental to the research process and its formal outcomes is the documentation of sources, which is also the foundation upon which academic honesty rests , so much so that the Guide states: An extended essay must reflect intellectual honesty in research raciest and provide the reader with the exact sources of quotations, ideas and points of view through accurate bibliographies and referencing, and failure to comply with this requirement will be viewed as plagiarism and will, therefore, be treated as a case of malpractice. We will write a custom essay sample on A House Style for the Formal Presentation of the Extended or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Guide expresses no preference when it comes to documentation style, provided that it is academically recognized and applied consistently. Given that academically recognized documentation styles generally form part of broader style guides for academic writings , and that the extended essay makes formal acquirement beyond documentation style, it makes sense to include the relevant style guide in considerations of a particular documentation style. After careful consideration, PAP was chosen as the basis of a house style for academic writing and documentation, namely Oakum PAP.While the implementation of Oakum PAP is unlikely to be painless-largely because it needs to be specific enough to be genuinely useful in helping to meet the formal requirements of the extended essay without being so prescriptive that it becomes cripplingly burdensome, and because it will require some degree f effort on the part of staff and pupils-it is argued that the benefits, both immediate and long term, of implementing a house style are worth it. Conceptualizing PAP There are essentially two approaches to documentation: numbered, in which the citation appears in a footnote or endnote, and parenthetical, in which it appears in-text. Numbered Documentation Numbered documentation had already been superseded by parenthetical documentation more than a decade ago , and even Chicago/Turban, perhaps still the most well known numbered approach, now devotes roughly equal space to parenthetical documentation . This is the main reason why the numbered approach was not considered further.Parenthetical Documentation Parenthetical documentation styles are essentially either author-date, or author-page (sometimes author-title-page). The most common author-date documentation styles are Harvard and PAP, while the most common author- page documentation style is MI-A. Author-date documentation style. According to Cheering , the origin of the author-date method of documentation can be traced back to Edward Laurels Mark (1847-1946), although exac tly how this method came to be known as Harvard remains unclear. As a method of documentation, there is no definitive Harvard style, although its success as a method has led to the proliferation of documentation styles based on it.One of the most well developed styles that can be said to be based on Harvard is that of the American Psychological Association, commonly referred to as PAP style and first published in 1929. Author-page documentation style. The author-page documentation style, or author-title-page if more than one ark by the same author, originated with the Modern Language Association of America in 1985. PAP or MILA? Crucially, both PAP and MI-A documentation styles are supported in Word. While MILA appears to be quite popular in B World schools that have adopted a house style, it is not clear why, particularly as citations within MILA are less uniform than PAP and so more difficult to manage consistently.Finally, while both PAP and MILA are well established in university and academic publishing circles, PAP has the added advantage tha t Harvard, being the method of accumulation that PAP is based on, is particularly common in British universities and therefore most likely to be encountered by our pupils at university. Conclusion Given the importance that the B attaches to the formal outcomes Of the research process in the extended essay, of which the documentation of sources to an academically acceptable standard is fundamental, any interventions that genuinely facilitate this are to be welcomed. Oakum PAP is best understood, therefore, as an attempt to simplify radically the process of documenting sources by utilizing tools freely available in Microsoft Word hill, at the same time, ensuring that this process remains firmly rooted in the bibs broader concern with formally presented scholarly writing the real benefits of which extend to university.